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What is the estimated lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?,"1,100 people"
What is the worldwide incidence rate of schizophrenia per year?,"8-43 cases per 100,000"
What is the median incidence rate of schizophrenia per year?,"15 cases per 100,000"
What is the male to female incidence rate ratio of schizophrenia?,"1.4,1"
At what age is the diagnosis of schizophrenia typically made?,Late teens to mid-thirties
Is pre-adolescent onset of schizophrenia common?,"No, it is rare"
What is the modal age at onset of schizophrenia for men?,18-25 years
What is the modal age at onset of schizophrenia for women?,25-35 years
When does a second peak of onset occur in women?,Around menopause (>40 years)
Is early onset of schizophrenia linked to more severe forms?,Yes
Which gender tends to have a worse prognosis in schizophrenia?,Men
How many symptom domains are described in schizophrenia?,Five
What are the five symptom domains in schizophrenia?,"Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganisation, neurocognitive impairment, affective features"
What are the positive symptoms in schizophrenia?,Delusions and hallucinations
Are positive symptoms required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia?,Yes
Are positive symptoms always accompanied by impaired insight?,Yes
What are delusions in schizophrenia?,False beliefs that cannot be shaken by logic or reason
What are the usual contents of delusions in schizophrenia?,"Persecutory, grandiose, or pseudoscientific"
What are hallucinations in schizophrenia?,"Experiencing things that are not there, such as hearing voices"
What percentage of psychotic patients experience hallucinations?,75%
What is the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia?,Hearing voices
What might hallucinations in other sensory modalities suggest?,"Delirium, dementia, or substance-induced psychosis"
What were certain positive symptoms previously considered pathognomonic of schizophrenia?,Kurt Schneider's 'first rank' symptoms
What are 'passivity phenomena' in schizophrenia?,"Experiences of one's thoughts, actions, or feelings being controlled by external forces"
What are Schneiderian hallucinations in schizophrenia?,"Hearing one's thoughts repeated aloud as a voice, hearing voices discussing the patient, hearing a running commentary about the patient"
What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia?,"Affective blunting, reduced speech, diminished motivation, energy, and social engagement"
Are negative symptoms mostly associated with schizophrenia?,Yes
What can exacerbate negative symptoms in schizophrenia?,Extrapyramidal side effects related to antipsychotic treatment
What can negative symptoms be secondary to?,Depression
What is disorganisation in schizophrenia?,"Formal thought disorder, attentional impairment, inappropriate affect, and disorganised behaviour"
What is speech disorder in schizophrenia?,"Disorganised communication, irrelevant or jumping topics"
What is inappropriate affect in schizophrenia?,Facial expression not corresponding to speech content
What is neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia?,"Widespread cognitive changes, reduced reaction times, memory impairment, poor executive function"
Do cognitive deficits respond well to conventional antipsychotic treatment?,No
What are affective features in schizophrenia?,Manic and depressive symptoms
Can depression be part of an acute psychotic episode in schizophrenia?,Yes
What percentage of schizophrenia patients commit suicide?,Up to 10%
Are symptoms of anxiety and panic common in psychotic disorders?,Yes
What are some atypical features that may influence the picture of schizophrenia during acute episodes?,Marked instability of mood and perplexity
Do these atypical features predict a good prognosis in schizophrenia?,Yes